Oxidative stress is a condition that occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to detoxify them or repair the resulting damage. ROS are highly reactive molecules that can cause damage to cells, proteins, and DNA, leading to various diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. Research in the field of oxidative stress focuses on understanding the mechanisms by which ROS are generated, how they interact with cellular components, and developing strategies to mitigate their harmful effects through the use of antioxidants and other protective mechanisms.